Why is it essential to brace or stay a flat surface in a boiler?

Bracing or staying a flat surface in a boiler is essential primarily to overcome the forces exerted on the heads and to prevent bulging. Boilers generate high pressures, and the internal stress on flat surfaces can lead to structural deformation if not properly supported. By utilizing braces or stays, these forces are effectively managed, ensuring that the walls of the boiler remain stable and maintain their shape under operational conditions. This support is crucial for the safe operation of the boiler, as any bulging or deformation could compromise the integrity of the system and lead to potentially hazardous situations. The bracing also helps in distributing the pressure evenly throughout the structure, enhancing its durability and lifespan.