What is the primary purpose of an air chamber in a reciprocating pump?

The primary purpose of an air chamber in a reciprocating pump is to absorb shock and surges. When the pump operates, particularly during the intake and discharge cycles, it can create pressure fluctuations, which lead to water hammer effects – sudden pressure spikes in the fluid. The air chamber acts as a cushioning device, helping to stabilize these pressure changes.

By accommodating and absorbing pressure variations, the air chamber minimizes the risk of damage to the pump and connected piping caused by these surges. This not only aids in maintaining a steady flow but also extends the lifespan of the pump system by preventing mechanical stress and potential failures.

Other options, while they may relate to pump performance or function, do not accurately describe the role of the air chamber. For instance, improving water quality and filtering contaminants refer to processes more aligned with water treatment mechanisms, rather than the mechanical functions of a pump. Increasing pump speed typically involves design changes or variable speed drives, rather than the inclusion of an air chamber, which is focused more on managing pressure dynamics rather than operating speed.