What does the theory of electricity primarily involve?

The theory of electricity primarily involves the flowing of free electrons with applied electromotive force. This concept is fundamental to understanding how electrical currents function in conductors. When an electromotive force (EMF), which can be supplied by batteries or generators, is applied across a conductor, it creates an electric field that causes free electrons in the material to move. This flow of electrons constitutes an electric current, which is the basis for how electrical devices operate.

In terms of practical applications, the movement of these free electrons in response to an applied EMF enables the transfer of energy through electrical circuits, allowing for the functioning of various electronic devices and electrical systems. The understanding of this flow is essential in fields such as electrical engineering, physics, and applied technology, where designing circuits, power systems, and various types of electronic equipment relies on the principles of electron movement and current flow.